What Drives Employee Engagement? Part 2

Employee EngagementLast week we took a look at the things that frontline managers can do to make behaviour inefficient, and thereby ensure poor performance from their team.

These factors were originally identified by Thomas Gilbert who trained under the founder of behavioural psychology, B.F. Skinner. I suggested that since these factors lead to lower employee productivity (and inevitably lower business unit performance and profit), we can deduce that they are likely to have a significant impact on employee engagement or motivation.

This week we’ll take a look Gilbert’s model for engineering high performance. And we’ll compare the factors in that model with the key drivers of employee engagement identified through global research.

You’ll remember from last week that Gilbert applied the Skinnerian ABC model to the world of work. This suggested that for adequate performance to occur, several conditions needed to be met. Using the example of walking into a dark room and turning on the light we can break down the components of behaviour as follows:

Read More »

Posted in Employee Engagement, Employee Motivation | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

What Drives Employee Engagement? Part 1

What drives employee engagement?For those who haven’t come across the term ‘Employee Engagement’ before, it’s simply a new term for ‘employee commitment’, or good old-fashioned ‘employee motivation’.

Employee engagement, or employee motivation if you prefer that term, is important to you and your organisation. There is now considerable evidence from many sources that low employee engagement generates lower employee productivity, business unit performance and profit; along with generating higher employee theft, accident rates and employee turnover.

Many research and survey companies measure employee engagement. A number position themselves as the company whose research has uncovered the true drivers of employee engagement. The real truth is that the underpinnings of employee engagement were identified more than 30 years ago by Thomas Gilbert. He trained under the behavioural psychologist B.F. Skinner at Harvard University, and his work led to the establishment of the International Society for Performance Improvement.

In 1978, Gilbert published his ideas in the book, ‘Human Competence – Engineering Worthy Performance’. Early in my career I was so taken by Gilbert’s work that for a while I called myself a Performance Technologist. That didn’t last long as no-one had a clue what I was talking about.

Read More »

Posted in Employee Engagement, Employee Motivation | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

The 3 facts of people management

The three facts of people management. Photo by Denis Collette

If you are going to be successful as a frontline manager you must recognise three very important basic facts about your role:

Fact #1.  Management is getting things done through others

Fact #2.  You need your team members more than they need you

Fact #3.  You get paid for what your team members do, not for what you do

These facts were proposed by Ferdinand Fournies in his book “Coaching for Improved Work Performance”. Originally published in 1978, the book has become a management classic. Let’s examine why these three facts are true.

Imagine that you’re a manager with eight people reporting to you. For some reason you are off sick today but all of your direct reports have gone to work. If the total production or work output to be completed by you and your team is 100%, what percentage do you think will be completed by your team in your absence?

Read More »

Posted in Leadership Skills, Uncategorized | Tagged , | Leave a comment

How to get the change in behaviour you need

How to get the change in behaviour that you needIn order to get the change in behaviour you need from your team members (or child, spouse, partner or friend) you need to guide their thinking.

The key tool you have to guiding their thinking are the words you choose to use, the questions you choose to ask and the conversations you choose to have. Today we’re going to focus on the questions that you choose to ask.

Last week, I recommended that you do yourself a favour. When you’re correcting behaviour, or seeking behavioural change, I recommended that you ask open-ended questions to get your team member talking; to get the words coming out of their mouth rather than yours.

I’m hoping that you tried this out and received the benefits of taking this approach. But there is one trap you need to side-step when confronting any sort of performance problem or issue with behaviour. And that trap is asking ‘why?’

Let’s put this in context. Let’s imagine a very simple situation to illustrate the problem this causes. Imagine that it’s important for your team members to arrive at work on time, and one of them has just arrived almost 10 minutes late for the second day in a row.

Read More »

Posted in Coaching | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

How to Kick Butt by Asking Questions

How To Kick Butt - Photo by LentzstudiosLast week we checked out why you would ask questions to kick butt. This week we’ll examine how you might go about this.

Remember the old acronym KISS? Most people say it means, “Keep it simple, stupid.” Well, I prefer “Keep it short and simple”.

Short and simple, there are two main types of questions. What are they?

Right – open and closed.

A closed question can be answered by using a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’, or by providing a simple piece of information. Examples:

Question: “Are you going to the kitchen?”  Answer: “No”
Question: “What’s your name?”  Answer: “James”

An open question gives the person answering it much more opportunity to provide information they feel is relevant. It can, to some extent, force a person to provide more information then they would have otherwise. Examples:

Question : “What’s the book you are reading about?
Question: “What did you do on your holiday last week?

Read More »

Posted in Coaching, Giving Feedback | Tagged , , , | 1 Comment

Why Ask Questions to Kick Butt?

Why Ask Questions to Kick ButtWhy would you ask questions to kick butt?

Good question. I’m glad you asked.

The results your people deliver for you don’t just happen. Your people have to do something in order for them to be achieved. Sometimes they do the right thing; sometimes they do the wrong thing. And sometimes they just don’t do anything.

Your job as a frontline manager is to manage the behaviour of your team members to ensure they are doing the right things to achieve the results you need. When they’ve done the wrong thing or nothing at all, our inclination can be to tell them. Tell them what they’ve done wrong. Tell them what they haven’t done. And tell them what they need to do differently. However, often there is a better way.

To understand why asking questions will often be a more productive approach, let’s put you in the hot seat. Let’s imagine that your manager confronts you about a piece of work that you’ve just completed which has been done poorly. If your manager simply tells you what’s wrong and what needs to be fixed, what’s your level of motivation to make the improvements? I’m guessing that it’s relatively low. It is likely that you’ll just do what you need to do without any significant sense of commitment.

Read More »

Posted in Employee Engagement, Employee Motivation | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

Why Leadership Training Fails

Photo by Lars SundstromLeadership training fails. Actually, you already know this.

Let me explain…

You’ve been to any number of training courses before. For some of them your evaluation may have been, “Great lunch and good content.” Yet, four or five months later how much of what you learnt were you really applying? Some, but in all probability not a lot I suspect you’ll agree.

A well-quoted study by Neil Rackham provides the data to back up your experiences. Rackham, the founder of US sales consulting, training and research company Huthwaite, carried out an evaluation of sales training in the Xerox Corporation. By establishing the degree of carry-over from the classroom to the job, he hoped to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of the company’s training.

The results stunned everyone. The study showed, on average, participants lost 87% of their new skills within one month.

Close investigation showed an interesting exception in the Xerox data. Some sales people showed a smaller loss and some showed a skill gain. When Rackham investigated these exceptions, he found those who lost least, or continued to gain skills, had managers who systematically managed the application of the new behaviours by their sales people immediately after the training.

Read More »

Posted in Leadership Training | Tagged , | Leave a comment

The 3 Frontline Leadership gaps

mind_the_gapI’ve just been reviewing a case study on the outcomes of Frontline Leadership consulting, training and support work we’ve been undertaking with one of our clients. There were key frontline leadership problems described which echo what I’ve been hearing from many clients and prospective clients.

Similar problems have been highlighted in a recent report from the Center for Creative Leadership. They regard the gap between current leadership bench strength and future leadership demands as a serious liability for organisations.

Our client worked with us because the frontline managers in her business unit were supervising rather than leading. This meant that frontline managers spent the majority of their time behind their desks. Coaching was identified as a ‘result session’ focused on the ‘what did work/what didn’t work’ methodology, rather than any effective behavioural coaching to maximise team performance.

Contributing to these problems was an issue that appears across many industries. Frontline managers had been promoted because they were technically good at their job, not because they had leadership potential. And there was little, if any, training given to help them to be a leader.

The core problem is that there is a lack of leadership capability in frontline managers that limits organisational productivity.

Interestingly, the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL) have concluded something similar in The Leadership Gap, a 2009 report on a study conducted over two years across 2,200 managers and three countries.

The leaders surveyed by CCL were asked to rate the importance of 20 research-derived leadership competencies, and the difference between what managers are actually demonstrating versus what they need to demonstrate to be maximally effective in the future.

The study found that the five most important future skills – leading people, strategic planning, inspiring commitment, managing change and developing employees – are amongst the weakest competencies for today’s leaders.

I’d argue that for frontline managers strategic planning, and to a lesser extent managing change, are lower importance competencies because they are less often called upon at that level of management. This means we can reasonably conclude that the three key competency gaps for frontline leaders are:

  1. leading people
  2. inspiring commitment
  3. developing employees

This aligns with our experience with a range of clients across the Asia-Pacific region. Yet organisations need to seriously address these three key competency gaps evident in their frontline leaders if they want to:

  • increase productivity
  • ensure a greater retention of key talent
  • improve customer satisfaction and loyalty
  • and maximise employee engagement
Posted in Leadership Gap | Tagged , , , , , | Leave a comment

Live long and prosper

live_long_and_prosperAfter the Christmas stuffing, I put my feet up over New Year and watched Star Trek.

I’ve always liked the half-Vulcan character, Mr Spock. Maybe it’s the nifty thing he does with his fingers – the Vulcan salute.

But mostly, I just love that phrase.

“Live long and prosper.”

May you.

Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged | Leave a comment

What is the key to Frontline Leadership – in one word?

keys3Relationships.

There it is. That’s your lot. For frontline managers, leadership is about relationships. Period.

If you’d like more than one word, stick around. Let me expand.

The difference between leadership at a senior management level and at a frontline management level is that one is strategic and the other is tactical.

For frontline managers, tactical leadership is simply about influencing and motivating others to perform valued work activities that generate desired results. Influencing their team members to undertake specific work activities which maximise productivity. And motivating team members to provide discretionary effort over and above the minimum required.

Nearly all jobs require employees to make choices about their work, such as the pace at which they work, how they do it and how well it’s done. The extent to which they choose to do more than the minimum requirement dictates their level of productivity or performance and is referred to as ‘discretionary effort’.

Increased discretionary effort is a direct predictor of improved performance. As such it is the only way an organisation can maximise performance. Consequently, organisations that can trigger valued discretionary behaviour from their employees do better than others. And the key to triggering this discretionary effort is the relationship the team member has with their frontline manager.

Taking this further, relationships are made and broken through the quality of interaction and communication. Improve the quality and frequency of communication and interaction and the relationship is strengthened, which leads to an improved ability to influence and motivate. Decrease the quality and frequency of communication and interaction, and the opposite is ensured.

All that is then left for frontline leaders to know is what frequency of interaction works best, and to understand how quality communication looks, sounds and feels.

Posted in Leadership Skills | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment